OF THE
BOROUGH OF DEAL,
RICHARD LYDDON.
Medical Officer of Health.
T. F. Pain & Sons, Printers, Deal and Sandwich.
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To the Mayor, Aldermen and Councillors of
the Borough of Deal, being the Urban
District Council for the said Borough.
Gentlemen,
I beg to present my Annual Report for the year 1904,
dealing with the sanitation of the Borough, and containing a
summary of its vital statistics for the period.
A feature in the Report is our comparative freedom
from cases of infectious disease, only 21 notifications having
been received during the year, against 103 during the previous
year.
Population and Area.
In 1891, the population of Deal was 8,891, and 10,581
in 1901 ; an increase of 1,690 inhabitants during the inter-
censal period, or 169 yearly. Assuming this average to be still
correct, the estimated population for April, 1904, is 11,088;
and for July, the mid-period of the year, taken for statistical
purposes, 11,130. The area of the Borough is 1,158 acres.
Births.
The number of births registered during the year was
273, 138 being males and 135 females. The birth-rate was
24*5 per thousand, and the natural increase of population by
births in excess of deaths, 95.
Deaths.
There were 174 deaths registered in the district during
the year. Of this number, 16 were either visitors, or patients
brought into our hospitals from without the district. In addi-
tion to these, 20 of our own residents died in public institu-
tions beyond the district. By a process of elimination and
addition, the nett number of deaths, at all ages, belonging to
the district, becomes 178, and the death-rate 15’9 per thousand.
By the term ^Wisitors/’ is understood persons living elsewhere,
who have no home in the district. The hospitals within the
Borough are the Eoyal Marine Infirmary, the Victoria Cottage
Hospital, and the Isolation Hospital ; and those without, which
have been taken into consideration in preparing these returns,
are the Workhouse ot Eastry, and the Lunatic Asylum at
Chartham.
The rate of infant mortality, Le., the proportion of
deaths among infants under one year of age to births registered,
was 102 per thousand.
The zymotic death-rate, calculated from the number of
deaths due to the seven principal epidemic diseases, was 0‘8.
The subjoined statistics, which were published by the
British Medical Journal, from information furnished by the
Eegistrar-General, may be found useful,. For purposes of com-
parison, those of our Borough are added : —
England and Wales, 1904.
Annual Birth-rates and Death-rates from the Seven Chief Epidemic
Diseases.
Annu:
Births
Rates
Livin
Deaths
from
all
Causes
per 1,000
cr
Deaths
from Seven
Chief
Epidemic
Diseases
Infant Mortality ;
Annual Death-
rate of Infants
under 1 year per
1,000 Births.
England and Wales
27-9
i6’2
1*94
146
Rural England and Wales...
26-8
i5'3
I '28
125
76 great towns
29'!
17*2
2-49
160
142 smaller towns
27'5
15-6
2 ’02
154
Deal
24'S
i5’9
0-8
102
3
Deaths by Misadventure.
There were 4 cases of accidental death registered, and 1
of suicide.
Further particulars as to the causes of, and ages at
death will be found in one of the tables at the end of the
Eeport.
Infectious Disease.
Comparatively few notifications of Infectious Disease
have been received during the year. They were as follows : —
Diphtheria 7
Erysipelas 4
Scarlet Fever 3
Enteric Fever 7
Total
21
Three of these were removed to the Isolation Hospital,
and the remainder either treated in their own homes, or at ore
or other of the Institutions within the district. The deaths
due to infectious disease consisted of — 1 whooping cough, 1
diphtheria, 1 enteric fever, and 6 from diarrhoea (which is not
notifiable, but increases the zymotic death-rate).
Water Supply.
T1 le Waterworks are situated on the hill between Upper
Deal and Waliner, and are the property of the town. The
undertaking is managed by a Joint Board, composed of
members of the District Councils of Deal and Walmer. The
water is obtained from deep wells and adits driven into the
chalk, is pumped into a reservoir, from which a constant supply
gravitates to the various parts of the district. Samples are
taken periodically, and sent for chemical and bacteriological
amalysis. Aj^pended are the analytical reports
4
{Copy).
Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine.
14th December, 1904.
Report 011 Examination of a Sample of Water received from Deal
on 28th November^ ipo^.
The Sample was marked : — “ Standpipe, South Street, Deal.
7.30 a.m., 28/11/04.”
General Characteristics. — The Sample was clea|r and free
from smell.
Analytical Data. — parts per 100,000.
Suspended Matter
Dissolved Solids
33’4
Chlorine ...
2*8
Alkalinity
20-5
Permanent Hardness
3*5
Free and Saline Ammonia ..
trace
Albuminoid Ammonia ...
O'OOI
Nitrogen as Nitrites...
none
Nitrogen as Nitrates
0*59
Oxygen absorbed from Permanganate
at 80° F. —
{a) 15 minutes ...
(b) 4 hours
none
Lead ... ... ... ...
none
ARTHUR HARDEN.
( Copy).
The Clinical Research Association, Limited,
I, Southwark Street,
London Bridge, S.E.
Dec. I2th, 1904.
To T. C. Colder, Esq.
The specimen marked, from Waterworks Reservoir, received
liere on 2/12 04, has been duly examined, and I have been instructed
to forward the following report thereon :
The number of organisms which produce colonies on gelatine
5
plates incubated at 19° Cent., is 61 per cubic centimetre of the water»
and the Bacillus Coli Communis is absent from the various samples
taken for the qualitative investigation, the total amount of water
examined being equal to 36'2 cubic centimetres.
From a bacteriological point of view, this may be regarded as a
water of very good quality.
C. H. WELLS,
Secretary of the Association.
Drainage.
The costly system of drainage, which was carried out
a few years ago, is acting well. Only on exceptional
occasions has the rain-fall been such that the sewers have
been found inadequate to deal with it, and carry it away
fast enough to prevent a rising in the low-lying parts of the
district. On these rare occasions, the rain for a short space
of time has been torrential, and no ordinary system of
drainage could possibly cope with such a fall.
The following description of the system has already
appeared in my Annual Eeport. I reproduce it for purposes
of ready reference : — The drainage of Deal has been lately
remodelled. Formerly, the sewage was carried by gravitation
into the sea, and discharged by two outfalls, one at the
north end of the town and the other at the south. Tliese
outfalls were a nuisance, and polluted the foreshore ; and
being tide-locked at high water, were inadequate to deal with
the storm water which was occasionally poured into them
under such conditions. To remedy these defects, and to
provide for the drainage of Upper and Middle Deal, a new
system was planned a few years ago by Mr. Baldwin Latham,
and has since been completed under his supervision. The
whole of the sewage of the district is now carried by
gravitation to a suitable point, where it is raised by pump-
ing into a covered reservoir capable of holding about 600,000
gallons. The outfall springs from the north-east corner of
6
this reservoir. It is formed of cast-iron pipes, 27 inches in
diameter, and extends into the sea 500 feet from low water
mark. The outlet from the reservoir is protected and
regulated by two penstock tidal valves. The time selected
for the discharge of the sewage is at high-water, when the
tide is running in a northerly direction. It is estimated
that the tank can be emptied in two hours, and as the
contents are discharged, they are taken by the off-setting
tide in a north-easterly direction, towards the North Sea. The
scheme answers well, and the whole of the district is now pro-
vided with a perfect system of water-carriage drainage.”
Factory and Workshop Act, 1901.
As required by this Act, the factories, workshops, work-
places and home-workers’ premises, situate within the district,
have been inspected by the Sanitary Officers, and any defects
found dealt with. Only one underground bakehouse exists, and
for this a certificate has been granted : the place being of the
nature of an under-ground kitchen, and the sanitary condition
good.
The inspections which have been made will be found
tabulated in an annexed schedule.
Physical Features of the District and Climate.
The low-lying portion of the district is flat, and on a
level with the sea-shore. The soil here consists of sand,
shingle, or clay. The land rises gently to Upper Deal, where
chalk is found, which extends through the hills to Walmer and
the surrounding district. The climate is bracing, and suitable
for the treatment of chronic diseases of a tuberculous nature.
The prevailing winds are south-west and north-east. The rain-
fall for the year was 22*47 inches.
During the year, some interesting records have been
made of the temperature of the sea at Deal, The observations
were taken by Mr. Samuel Miller, to whom I am indebted for
7
the following ioformation. The thermometer used was supplied
bj Casella, and duly tested and certified at Kew. The time
chosen for taking the observations was 10 a.m., daily. A
summary of the readings is as follows : —
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Highest reading in month
65-1
deg.
Fah.
66-0
deg.
62-0
deg.
58*1
deg.
Lowest reading in month
60-0
deg.
Fah,
60-0
deg.
54*1
deg.
51*1
deg.
Bange of temperature
2-1
deg
Fah.
6-0
deg.
7*9
deg
7-0
deg.
Mean temperature
63*7
deg.
Fah.
62*6
deg
59-0
deg.
54-7
deg.
Sanitary Inspector’s Department.
The common lodging-houses, slaughter-houses, cow-
sheds, dairies, and milk-shops, have all been periodically
inspected, and found to be in good order. A systeoiatic house
to house inspection of the district has been continued, and
defects in sanitation remedied where found. Nuisances, where
reported, have been investigated and dealt with.
Vital Statistics,
I conclude my Report with the schedules of vital
statistics, which are provided by the Local Giovernment Board.
The first table deals with the subject for 1903, and for the
previous years during which I have held the appointment of
Medical Officer. Table 3 deals with the cases of infectious
disease notified during the year, and table 4 gives the causes
of, and ages at, death for the same term. The remaining table
deals with inspections under the Factory Act.
I am. Gentlemen,
Your obedient servant,'
Deal, 28th March, 1905. EICHAED LYDDON.
Factories, Workshops, Laundries, Workpiaces & Homework
i.-INSPECTION.
Including inspections made by Sanitary Inspectors or Inspectors
of Nuisances.
Premises.
Number of
Inspec-
tions.
Written
Notices.
Prosecu-]
tions.
I^3,ctori0s *•« ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• •••
(Including* Factory Laundries).
26
2
None.
W^orLshojps ... •••
(Including Workshop Laundries).
51
10
W^orkplaces ... ... ... ... ••• ...
18
4
) >
Homeworkers’ Premises
7
3
> J
2.-DEFECTS FOUND.
Particulars.
No. of Defects.
Found.
Reme-
died.
Nuisances under the Public Health Acts : —
Want of cleanliness
16
Yes.
Want of ventilation
2
> >
Overcrowding
I
Offences under the Factory and Workshop Act : —
Illegal occupation of underground bakehouse
(S. loi).
I
y y
3. -OTHER MATTERS.
Underground Bakehouses (S. loi) : —
Certificates granted in 1904 ... One
Kitchen in use at the end of 1904 One
Workshops on the Register (S. 131) at the end of 1904 : —
There are twenty-two bakehouses where machinery is not
used.
Total number of workshops on Register... 38
Vital Statistics of Whole District during 1904 and previous years.
Nett Deaths at all
AGES BELONGING TO
THE DISTRICT.
«
0
^ CO
c3 ^
13- 8
15- 5
16- 3
15-7
15-8
15-5
14- 9
13*5
1— f
rH
a>
io
r— 1
Number
12
135
152
165
163
166
165
161
149
157
178
Deaths of
Residents
registered
in Public
Institu-
tions
beyond
the
District.
11
CJOOOI>*Clr«(tO
rHTHrHrHrHfHrHiH
12
0
CSI
Deaths of
Non-
residents
registered
in Public
Institu-
tions in
the
District.
10
3
11
15
9
13
20
17
20
13
16
Total
DEATHS
IN
Public
Institu-
tions
IN the
District.
9
1
3
11
15
9
12
23
17
22
d
CM
Total Deaths Registered in
THE District.
At all ages
A
0
cpipoO^idtG'^p
C^IIGGllblG'illjcH
rH r— ( t— ( r—l t-H rH r— 1 rH
10 j tp
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1
Number
7
126
153
170
162
162
173
167
154
158
174
Under 1 year of age
Rate per
1,000
Births
registered
6
132
92
154
116
114
140
77
93
114
102
i
1
Number
5
30
21
33
29
28
39
22
24
00
28
Births.
Rate*
4
cbc^HHoocbcritG
<MC=J01<NCNCNCqOJ
CO
tel
ip
CM
Number
3
226
228
214
249
244
250
283
256
243
273
Popula-
tion
estimated
to Middle
of each
Year.
2
9,778
9,947
10,116
10,285
10,454
10,623
10,792
10,961
10,369
11,130
Year,
1
1896.
1897.
1898.
1899.
1900.
1901.
1902.
1903.
Averages for
years
1896-1903.
1904.
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43
I.
Institutions within the
District receiving sick
and infirm persons from
outside the District.
II.
Institutions outside the
District receiving sick
and infirm persons from
the District.
III.
Other Institutions, the
deaths in which have been
distributed among the
several localities in the
District.
Victoria Hospital
Royal Marine
Infirmary
Isolation Hospital ...
Visitors to district ...
Eastry Workhouse ...
TABLE 3-
Cases of Infectious Disease notified during
the Year 1904.
Notifiable Disease.
Cases
Notified in Whole
District.
No. of
Cases
Removed
to
Hospital
from each
locality.
At all ages.
At Ages
— Years.
Under i.
0
4->
M
M
0
10
lb
N
0
10
M
25 to 65.
65 and
upwards
Small-pox
Cholera
•
Diphtheria ...
7
2
4
I
3
Membranous croup...
Erysipelas
4
I
3
Scarlet fever
3
I
I
I
Typhus fever
Enteric fever
7
5
2
Relapsing fever
- t
Continued fever
Puerperal fever
Plague
Totals... ... ...
21
3
6
6
6
3
Isolation Hospital :
DEAL AND WALMER SANITORIUM,
TABLE 4.
Causes of, and Ages at, Death during Year 1904.
Deaths in whole District at subjoined Ages.
Deaths
Causes of Death.
All
ages.
Under
1 year.
1 and
under
5.
1
5 and 15 and
under under
15. 1 25.
25 and
under
65.
65 and
up-
wards
in
Public
Institu-
tions.
^^03.sl0S ••• ••• •••
I
Whooping-cough
I
I
Diphtheria and membra-
nous croup
I
1
I
Enteric fever
I
I
I
Diarrhoea
6
6
I
Enteritis
2
2
I
Phthisis
13
I
I
I
9
I
3
Other tubercular diseases
5
3
I
I
3
Cancer, malignant disease
12
5
7
2
Bronchitis
II
I
2
8
Pneumonia
5
I
I
2
I
I
Other diseases of Respira-
tory organs
8
3
I
4
Alcoholism "I
Cirrhosis of liver/
8
5
3
I
Venereal diseases
I
I
Premature birth
3
3
Diseases and accidents of
parturition
I
I
Heart diseases
24
I
12
II
Accidents
4
I
I
I
I
I
Suicides
I
I
All other causes
71
8
2
I
14
46
6
All causes
178
29
3
6
3
55
82
22